Epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of multiple myeloma at the
Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech

Hanaa HAMDANI, KHALIL HAOUACH
Page No. 133-140

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferation of plasma cells invading the bone
marrow and secreting a monoclonal immunoglobulin. MM is the second most common haemopathy
after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Objective: The aim of this study is to study the epidemiological,
clinical and biological features of multiple myeloma in the population of Marrakech and regions.
METHODS: Through a retrospective descriptive study spread over 3 years, concerning 92 cases of
patients followed for MM. Included in the study are any patient with radiological, biological,
cytological or histological criteria for MM. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 59.5
years and the sex ratio (m / f) was 1.3. Growers account for 13%, 10 patients are tobacco, and 2
are alcoholics. 12 patients have diabetes, 8 are hypertensive, 2 are treated with TB. Clinically,
85.9% of bone manifestations, 42.4% of anemic syndromes, 46.8% of altered general status and
35% of neurological symptoms were noted. Biological examinations showed anemia with
hemoglobin of less than 10 g / dl in 64% of cases, accelerated SV in 70.6%, an increase in serum
creatinine in 34.7%, and hypercalcemia In 22.8%. A monoclonal peak in serum protein
electrophoresis was noted in 88% of which Ig G (64%), IgA (25%), light chains (8.3%),
hypogammaglobulinemia in 5.4%. Cytologically, the myelogram revealed a medullary
plasmocytosis greater than 10% in 91.3% cases with dystrophic aspects. According to the
classification of Salmon and Durie, 65% of patients were stage III, 22% stage II, and 13% stage I.
CONCLUSION: MM is a hemopathy that remains incurable and often fatal, however diagnosis
and management Remain due to the ignorance of this disease and the remoteness of the sick.
Keywords : Multiple myeloma, gammapathy, plasmocytosis.