Some Quantitative Histochemical Findings in the Mistletoe leaf Extract Treated Prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats Expose to Cadmium

Adeeyo O.A[1],Yusuf U.A[1a], AdenowoT.k[2], Badmus O.O[3], Ogunola T.A[4] , Caxton-Martins EA[2a]
Page No. 5-18

Cadmium is heavy metal that enters man’s system through various ways. It causes adverse effects
on various body tissues by inducing oxidative stress. Mistletoe leaf extract is been used to treat
various aliment in folk medicine till present day. This leaf extract contains antioxidants like
flavonoids, vitamin C and E. This study was carried out to investigate effects of mistletoe leaf
extract on the microanatomy of prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats exposed to cadmium. Twenty-four
adult Wistar rats weighing 150-200g were randomly grouped into four, Groups A, B, C and D each
containing six animals. Group A animals were not given any injection. Groups B and C animals
were injection intraperitoneally with 14mg of cadmium per kg body weight of animals, while group
D were not injected also. Groups C and D were administered orally with 40mg of mistletoe aqueous
extract per kg body weight of the animals. Whereas Groups A and B were administered orally
equivalent volume of distilled water. After four weeks, the prefrontal cortices were excised for
quantitative enzymes histochemistry for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP),
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). The activities
of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly high in Group B p<0.05. Groups A (30±1.08μ/L)
and D (32±1.06μ/L) were similar and group C (41±0.82μ/L) were high but not as seen in Group B
(46±0.41μ/L). The acid phosphatase (ACP) was significantly high in Group B p<0.05. Groups A
(753±1.06μ/L) and D (756±1.08μ/L) were similar and group C (795±1.09μ/L) were high but not as
seen in Group B (820±2.35μ/L).The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly
high in Group B p<0.05. Groups A (2868±2.08μ/L) and D (3026±0.95μ/L) were almost similar and
Group C (5373±1.08μ/L) were also high but not as seen in Group B (6116±0.73μ/L). The activities
of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were high in Groups A (8428±0.81μ/L) and D
(7648±0.01μ/L). The activities were low in Groups B (6116±0.73μ/L) and C (6350±0.82μ/L) when
compared to Group (8428±0.81μ/L), but the difference in Group C (6350±0.82μ/L) was not as low
as in Group B (6116±0.73μ/L).The above findings showed that aqueous extract of mistletoe reduced                                                                                            the adverse effects caused by cadmium.
Keywords : Mistletoe, cadmium, prefrontal cortex, ALP, ACP, LDH and G6PDH.